Industrial robots have largely replaced manual labor in grinding operations, improving both efficiency and surface quality consistency 1. However, dynamic interactions between the robot and workpiece ...

Since conventional PID (Proportional–Integral–Derivative) controllers hardly control the robot to stabilize for constant force grinding under changing environmental conditions, it is necessary to add ...

Applicable to polishing, deburring, machining and assembly, force control is a flourishing robotics control scheme that allows robots to regulate the force they exert on every axis and joint. In ...