It is widely held that long-term memories are established by consolidation of newly acquired information into stable neural representations, a process that requires protein synthesis and synaptic ...

Humans depend on other people to survive and thrive, and the ability to assess others — to infer their traits and motives; to discern friend from foe — is a fundamental capacity of the human mind 1.

Although the idea that instrumental learning can occur subconsciously has been around for nearly a century, it had not been unequivocally demonstrated. Now, new research uses sophisticated perceptual ...

The first level we describe as instrumental learning. This is where participants are using the community to learn concrete, specific things, which they can apply to their own system. This is akin to ...