Using just two NAND or inverter gates its possible to build a D type (or ‘toggle’) flip-flop with a push-button input. At power-up the output of gate N2 is at a logical ‘1’, ensuring that transistor T2 ...

The JK flip-flop augments the behavior of the SR flip-flop (J = Set, K = Reset) by interpreting the J = K = 1 condition as a “flip” or toggle command. In my previous column, we introduced latches and ...