Fascist commander Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani was minister for war under dictator Benito Mussolini. Known as the "Butcher of Ethiopia" he was convicted of crimes against humanity following gas ...

Graziani (left) is seen here with German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring in October 1944 A political row has erupted in Italy after a memorial was opened to fascist commander Field Marshal Rodolfo ...

In Rome last week Rodolfo Graziani, once a field marshal of Italy, stood nervously before a military court. Twitching his thin lower lip and fingering a monocle, the Fascist conqueror of Ethiopia ...

As Ethiopia remembers thousands of people killed by Italian forces in Addis Ababa 79 years ago, survivors and veterans remain angry that Italy authorized a mausoleum for the man who ordered the deaths ...

Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani was Minister for War under dictator Benito Mussolini and was convicted of crimes against humanity following gas attacks on enemy soldiers in Libya and Ethiopia, during ...

Until Rodolfo Graziani made it a terrifying reality for thousands of conquered Africans, the Graziani family motto — “An enemy forgiven is more dangerous than a thousand foes” — was no more sinister ...

The Italian village of Affile has erected a controversial monument to Fascist military leader Rodolfo Graziani. www.affile.org Controversy has erupted in Italy after a small town east of Rome built a ...

Sign up for Forwarding the News, our essential morning briefing with trusted, nonpartisan news and analysis, curated by senior writer Benyamin Cohen. A new Italian ...

The Addis Ababa Massacre: Italy’s National Shame. By Ian Campbell. Hurst; 478 pages; £30. To be published in America by Oxford University Press in August. NEAR the village of Affile, on a picturesque ...

Graziani (left) is seen here with German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring in October 1944 A political row has erupted in Italy after a memorial was opened to fascist commander Field Marshal Rodolfo ...