Researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have demonstrated an elegantly simple technique for synthesizing a wide variety of complex "gradient compostion surfaces" ...

Peptides are widely used for surface modification to develop improved implants, such as cell adhesion RGD peptide and antimicrobial peptide (AMP). However, it is a daunting challenge to identify an ...

Soil microorganisms are important components of the soil ecosystem, they play critical roles in biogeochemical and nutrient cycling processes. The distribution pattern of bacterial community along the ...

Directional droplet motion on solid surfaces, governed by Gibbs’ theory of minimizing surface free energy, traditionally relies on static surface gradients. However, such approaches face intrinsic ...