Watch the Earth's tectonic plates grow, shrink, and jostle for position in this new model of the last billion years on the ...

The surface of our planet is a true geological theater where a permanent spectacle of movements and transformations takes place. These impressive phenomena result from plate tectonics, a ...

Cratons are thick and relatively cold, making them very durable during earth’s history. Continents, and their craton cores, ...

When astronauts returned from NASA's final Apollo moon mission in 1972, some of the samples they collected were sealed and ...

Plate tectonics may have played a larger role in the evolution of life on Earth than we previously thought. | Credit: ...

Planets lacking plate tectonics and sufficient carbon dioxide and oxygen could make advanced civilizations like ours ...

We know the temperature of Earth ’s inner core is very roughly about 5,000 Kelvin (K) (4,727°C). It was once liquid, but has cooled and become solid over time, expanding outwards in the process. As it ...

The iron-rich core at the centre of our planet has been a crucial part of Earth’s evolution. The core not only powers the ...

Contributed by Don E. Canfield; received March 31, 2025; accepted August 1, 2025; reviewed by Lee R. Kump, Stephen J. Puetz, and Robert J. Stern Continental weathering delivers particles from the land ...

ABSTRACT: Afghanistan has three major natural potentials for its development (the potential of goods and energy transit, the potential of controlling the flowing waters in the country, the potential ...