Scientists have demonstrated that negative refraction can be achieved using atomic arrays -- without the need for artificially manufactured metamaterials. Scientists have long sought to control light ...

Although the concept of negative-index materials (NIMs) has existed for several decades, actual metamaterials with these properties were not fabricated until recently 1,2,3. The original proposal and ...

To demonstrate a quick way of calculating the optical difference between two refractions using vector analysis, and to express this as a score for examination purposes. An existing formula is applied, ...