Volcanism Explained — How Do Volcanoes Form and Why Do They Erupt? | NEXT IAS In this quick GeoConcepts lesson, we explore volcanism — the powerful natural process responsible for forming volcanoes, new landforms, and even oceanic crust. Volcanoes form when heat and pressure deep inside the Earth melt the mantle, pushing magma upward through vents, especially at tectonic plate boundaries and hotspots. Depending on lava thickness and gas content, volcanoes can become shield, composite, or cinder

🌍 46 Volcanoes in Continuing Eruption Right Now! 🌋 As of Sept 28, 2025, the Global Volcanism Program confirms that 46 volcanoes worldwide remain in “continuing eruption” status. 🔥 Notable hotspots: • Kīlauea (Hawaii, USA): glowing lava rivers & gas emissions • Great Sitkin (Alaska, USA): lava effusion at the summit • Fuego (Guatemala): explosive eruptions & ash plumes • Sakurajima (Japan): frequent bursts of ash and gas • Etna (Italy): strombolian activity lighting up the night sky • Barren I